春風化雨

「阿普的情歌」

再讀T.S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

 

註譯  趙蘭潤

 

 

引言

 

幾個月的居家避疫,使整個世界百業蕭條。不由想到T.S. Eliot<荒原>The Waste Land” ),於是買了一本他的詩集Collected Poems 1909-1962。第一篇就是他的成名作<情歌> ( The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” )。這首詩,很久前讀过。那時也沒仔細研究,只覺得作者非常有創意,在一首情歌中居然形容黃昏大地像是手術台上的病體。當再次品讀他的詩文及其他作品,終於了解了為什麼他是公認的偉大現代派詩人、諾貝爾文学奖1948年的得主。

1888年出生於密蘇里州之聖路士城,寫這首詩約在1910年,時年二十二歲,還是哈佛大學的研究生(雖然在1915才公諸於世)。他博學多才,廣讀古典文學及哲學,常在其作品中引喻古文,在他有名的散文<傳統及個人才能>Tradition and Individual Talents” [1]中他主張詩人要熟讀從前文化的精華,不能食古不化,而是要巧妙地應用於現代文學中並加以發揚光大。這種歷史意識使一個作家了解自己對歷史的責任及當代的價值故而能以文化脈脈相承,以致永遠!

他的詩中時常引用典故,有時也以典故或其他文章片段作為文章的引子。這首情詩亦是如此。

我個人覺得他的詩是多元的,是立体的,是穿越時空的,是形而上學的。他常常用好似現在電視插播技巧,或是影片的跳割法(Jump Cut)加入前賢的思維或慧語,把你帶進帶出不同的境界。他的詩也是跳躍性的、片段性的。他常以古詩古文的碎片(Fragments),或用不同的背景語言等等加入他的文章集成精彩的詩段,好似個萬花筒(雖不是五顏六色),讓不同的讀者,在不同的角度,領悟或看到不同信息及境界。這種Fragmentation技巧也是他詩的特色。他是開創現代派(Modernism)詩中最重要的文學家之一(雖然他自稱為古典派詩人)。他的<荒園>The Waste Land” )震驚文学界,而詩集《四个四重奏》(Four Quartets)則獲得1948年諾貝爾文學獎!

此詩之主人名Prufrock曾引起很多學者議論。因為情歌原本浪漫,尤其在那個時代。而Prufrock卻取自一個傢俱公司(The Prufrock-Litton Company),不是很浪漫卻很接地氣。這就是艾略特的,自然、寫實的現代詩的開啓。

本篇詩歌大意是講述一個人到中年的小市民Prufrock的內心獨白。他雖有點學問,但因顏值欠佳、個性內向、做事瞻前顧後而在感情生活中時常碰壁,頗為寂寞,百無聊賴。這天他準備參加一個社會宴會,其中有那位他心儀的女士,於是便暗暗預備著向她表白心意。但他內心深處膽怯,加上容貌自卑令他壓力巨大。黃昏到了,他應出門了。此時的他早已魂不守舍,卻又感到十分痛苦,看什麼都覺得灰濛濛的(另:有學者解讀這是作者對當代工業都市及社會一種不滿及無奈)。

作者將他內心的掙扎及猶豫躊躇,描繪得淋漓盡致,入木三分。

 

  

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

 

BY T. S. ELIOT

 

引子

  

S’io credesse che mia risposta fosse

A persona che mai tornasse al mondo,

Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse.

Ma percioche giammai di questo fondo

Non torno vivo alcun, s’i’odo il vero,

Senza tema d’infamia ti rispondo.

Translated by R. Hollander:

 

If I but thought that my response was made

to one perhaps returning to the world,

this tongue of flame would cease to flicker.

But since, up from these depths, no one has yet

returned alive, if what I hear is true,

I answer without fear of being shamed.

               

    Dante Inferno [XXVII 61-66]


  

詩首引子為意大利文,出自但丁《神曲》。

大意為:

 

     「假如我是在回答

     一個能回到陽間的人,

     那麼這火焰就不再閃爍。

     若我聽到的沒錯

沒人能離開這深淵,

那我就不怕什麼流言。」

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stanza I & II

 

Let us go then, you and I,

When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherized upon a table;

Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,

The muttering retreats

Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels

And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells:

Streets that follow like a tedious argument

Of insidious intent

To lead you to an overwhelming question ...

Oh, do not ask, “What is it?”

Let us go and make our visit.

 

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo.

 

 

譯文

 

讓我們去吧,我和你,

當黃昏伸展到天際

像手術台上麻醉了的病體;

我們去穿過那大街小巷,僻靜人稀

走過那喋喋喃喃,短暫歇息

夜夜繁亂不寧的小旅店

和那遍地木屑及生蠔殼的小餐館:

街道曲轉延綿,像無聊的爭辯

暗中相糾纏

引領妳到那令人昏腦的大疑難……

哦,別問:「那是什麼?」

讓我們去拜訪一番。

 

房中的婦女來回穿梭[1]

談著米開朗基羅。

 

「註」

[1] 這像是電影的跳割手法,突然從街上跳進房中的一景。這裡有兩個暗喻:

1.   這些婦女原本並不是真的那麼高雅,懂得米開朗基羅的藝術,只是附庸風雅,自抬身價。

2.   Prufrock自身瘦小沒有顏值,他認為這些女士們是看上了這大藝術家有名的傑作 “David”,一個美男子。

 

 

Stanza III & IV

 

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes,

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes,

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening,

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains,

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys,

Slipped by the terrace, made a sudden leap,

And seeing that it was a soft October night,

Curled once about the house, and fell asleep.

 

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street,

Rubbing its back upon the window-panes;

There will be time, there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;

There will be time to murder and create,

And time for all the works and days of hands

That lift and drop a question on your plate;

Time for you and time for me,

And time yet for a hundred indecisions,

And for a hundred visions and revisions,

Before the taking of a toast and tea.

 

譯文

 

黃色的霧花[1]在窗欞玻璃上擦著背,

黃色的煙花在窗欞玻璃上蹭著臉,

舌頭把黃昏舔進每個角落,

徘徊在下水道邊的水灘,

煙囪的灰硝落上它的背,

滑到陽台,縱身一躍,

看到的是朦朧柔軟的十月夜晚,

繞到屋邊,蜷伏而眠。

 

其實有的是時間[2]

任黃煙順街而滑,

到窗欞玻璃上蹭它的背;

有時間,有時間

準備這張臉去和那些臉相見;

有時間去扼殺和開創,

有時間對付那些辛勞耕耘遂日計畫的手

挖出而拋向你盤中的疑難;

有時間給你,有時間給我,

也有時間做一百個猶豫,

及想出一百個新主意,或改變

就在一片吐司及一杯茶之前。

 

「註」

     [1] 這裡詩人以貓形容黃色的霧。Eliot愛貓有名,他的Old Possum's Book of Practical CatsAndrew Lloyd Webber譜寫成名歌舞劇 “CATS”,在百老匯及世界各地轟動一時。

     [2] 在這裡他說「有的是時間」是應對另一首詩來自Andrew Marvell “To His Coy Mistress” 。在那首詩中,時間是迫切的。那些 “works & days of hands”,引喻自古希臘詩人Hesiod的作品。Prufrock也可能為告白而苦心策劃時日。

 

 

Stanza V – VII

 

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo.

 

And indeed there will be time

To wonder, “Do I dare?” and, “Do I dare?”

Time to turn back and descend the stair,

With a bald spot in the middle of my hair—

(They will say: “How his hair is growing thin!”)

My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin,

My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin—

(They will say: “But how his arms and legs are thin!”)

Do I dare

Disturb the universe?

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse.

 

For I have known them all already, known them all:

Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons;

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room.

               So how should I presume?

 

 

 

 

譯文

 

房中的婦女來回穿梭,

談著米開朗基羅。

 

其實真的有的是時間

去考慮:「我敢嗎?」,那「我敢嗎?」

 

有時間轉回身,走下台階,

頂著我頭中間那一簇禿髮——

(他們會說:「怎麼他的頭髮越來越稀!」)

我身著修身晨禮服,畢挺的領口緊貼下巴,

我的領帶華而不侈,雖用了只普通的領帶夾——

(他們會說:「可他的胳膊腳怎麼這樣細!」)

我可有勇氣

打擾這個世界?

這一刻有時間

決定或翻轉盡在一瞬間。

 

其實我早已熟悉這一切,都熟悉:

熟悉那黃昏,清晨及午後,

我用咖啡匙量度著我的人生;

我熟悉那聲音漸逝[1],伴著音律的尾聲

來自那邊房間的樂曲中。

     那我該怎麼辦?

 

「註」   

[1]  “Dying Fall”引自Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night這裡Prufrock想到他已熟悉這些人的聲音、眼睛、手臂等等,呼應他前文中提及的感覺「黃昏像手術台上的病體」,一部份一部份分析。

 

 

 

Stanza VIII & XII

 

And I have known the eyes already, known them all—

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase,

And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall,

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways?

               And how should I presume?

 

And I have known the arms already, known them all—

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

(But in the lamplight, downed with light brown hair!)

Is it perfume from a dress

That makes me so digress?

Arms that lie along a table, or wrap about a shawl.

               And should I then presume?

               And how should I begin?

 

Shall I say, I have gone at dusk through narrow streets

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves, leaning out of windows? ...

 

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.

 

And the afternoon, the evening, sleeps so peacefully!

Smoothed by long fingers,

Asleep ... tired ... or it malingers,

Stretched on the floor, here beside you and me.

Should I, after tea and cakes and ices,

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis?

But though I have wept and fasted, wept and prayed,

Though I have seen my head (grown slightly bald) brought in upon a platter,

I am no prophet — and here’s no great matter;

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker,

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker,

And in short, I was afraid.

 

譯文

 

而且我也熟悉那些眼睛,全熟悉——

那些眼睛用一套模式匡住你,

我一旦被匡住,就像被針釘癱,

當我被釘住,只能在牆上蠕動扭轉,

那我該如何開始

吐出我人生習慣的破煙頭子?

     那我該怎麼辦?

 

而我也熟悉那些手臂,全熟悉——

帶著手鐲的玉臂

(而在燈光下,佈滿了黃茸茸的細毛!)

是那衣裙上的香水

令我如此離題?

還是那放在棹上或圍花披肩下的手臂。

     那我又該怎麼辦?

     我該如何開始?

 

我是否該說,我在黃昏中穿過了些窄街

也觀看了煙斗噴出的裊裊輕煙

來自帶著袖套孤寂無聊的男士倚窗外探?……

我真像個破爪子笨蟹

趁早快速從深海底中靜靜地消滅。

 

那午後,那黃昏,睡得安靜!

修長的玉指撫摸,

睡了倦了病殃殃地裝著,

躺在地上,在你我身旁。

我是否在茶點及水食之後

有足夠的勇氣打破這難關?

雖然我曾哭過齋戒過,哭過祈禱過,

而我也曾看過我的頭(微禿)放在盤上作出了貢獻,

我不是先知,這無關緊要;

我也有過一瞬的光耀,

而且我也曾看過永恆的門神拿著我的外套,暗中怪笑,

簡而言之,我怕了。

 

「註」

Prufrock與這位女士曾有過來往,但沒有明確的表白。他曾暗中為愛情受苦,為他哭過、祈禱過,也做過莫大的奉獻,就如John the Baptist把頭作為獎品由Herodias獻給SalomeJohn是有一顆濃髮的頭顱的)。

 

 

 

Stanza XII I

 

And would it have been worth it, after all,

After the cups, the marmalade, the tea,

Among the porcelain, among some talk of you and me,

Would it have been worth while,

To have bitten off the matter with a smile,

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it towards some overwhelming question,

To say: “I am Lazarus, come from the dead,

Come back to tell you all, I shall tell you all”—

If one, settling a pillow by her head

               Should say: “That is not what I meant at all;

               That is not it, at all.”

 

譯文

 

那這些可曾值得,歸根結底

雞尾酒、小甜食、茗茶後

柸盤之間,談笑妳我,

這可值得,

堆著笑臉打開話題,

使出洪荒之力將宇間萬物縮成一團[1]

拋向那令人昏腦的大難題,

說:「我是拉薩爾斯,來自陰間,

回來告訴你一切,我要統統告訴你」——

假如那個人把她的頭依靠在枕墊

說:「這根本不是我的意思,

那不是,全不是。」

 

「註」

     [1]  “宇間萬物縮成一團來自Marvell’s “To His Coy Mistress”Prufrock在此想鼓起莫大的勇氣講些引人注意的話。

 

 

Stanza X IV & X V

 

And would it have been worth it, after all,

Would it have been worth while,

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets,

After the novels, after the teacups, after the skirts that trail along the floor—

And this, and so much more? —

It is impossible to say just what I mean!

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen:

Would it have been worth while

If one, settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl,

And turning toward the window, should say:

               “That is not it at all,

               That is not what I meant, at all.”

 

No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be;

Am an attendant lord, one that will do

To swell a progress, start a scene or two,

Advise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,

Deferential, glad to be of use,

Politic, cautious, and meticulous;

Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse;

At times, indeed, almost ridiculous—

Almost, at times, the Fool.

 

譯文

 

那麼那些可都值得,歸根結底,

那些可曾值得,

經過那落日餘暉、門前庭院,及灑水後的街道,

經過那小說研讀、享用茶點,及那長裙在地板上飄搖——

訴說這些,還有更多?——

簡直不可能把我的意思說清!

若像一盞魔燈把這神經圖絡在銀幕投射:

那是否就會值得

假如那個人把她的頭依靠在枕墊,甩掉披肩

然後轉臉面向窗外,說:

「根本不是這樣的,

這根本不是我的意思。」

 

不,我不是漢姆雷特王子,從無此意

只是個隨從,一個可以

推動進展,辦一兩件小事

為王子出個主意;無疑地,一個順手的工具

唯命是從,榮幸效勞,

秉公辦事,小心謹慎,一絲不苟;

滿腔高調,卻詞不達意;

有時,真是,近似荒唐——

幾乎,有時,就是個小丑。

 

「註」

     經過多次反反復復的猶豫不決,Prufrock最終還是不敢向她明確心意。漢姆雷特的 “To be or not to be” 在全劇中從第一幕開始,直到第五幕才真的行動。而他卻沒有,因此這裡他把自己比作Polonius,僅僅是個隨臣,甚至僅是個弄臣。

 

 

Stanza X VI & X I X

 

I grow old ... I grow old ...

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled.

 

Shall I part my hair behind?   Do I dare to eat a peach?

I shall wear white flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach.

I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each.

 

I do not think that they will sing to me.

 

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black.

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown

Till human voices wake us, and we drown.

 

譯文

 

我老了我老了

我應該學新潮捲起褲腳。

 

我是否應該把頭髮向後梳起?我可敢吃個鮮桃?[1]

我應該穿上白色法蘭絨的長褲,在海灘上漫步。

我聽到人魚對唱迷魂曲。

 

我想他們不是為我而唱。

 

我看到她們隨著波浪遊向海洋

梳理著捲回的白浪。

當風吹起,海浪被拋出黑白兩色交替。

我們在海底之宮流連忘返

紅褐海草纏繞裝飾的海女左右相伴

直到我們[2]被人類的聲音喚醒,我們就此溺水而亡。

 

「註」

[1] 兩種解讀:

1.   那個時代新潮人士喜歡把頭髮往後梳,褲腳捲起。

2.   也有學者解讀,他變老後身高縮短所以褲腳長了,必須捲起來;把頭髮往後梳是為了蓋住禿掉的頭;牙齒鬆動後牙口不好,吃東西要小心,所以在猶豫能否吃完一個桃子。

[2]我們We)這裡包括了讀者在內;對照開頭的引子,把你帶入深海之中,故你不得把這段戀曲向世人傳頌。

 

 

賞析小記

 

這詩引起很多結論及討論,有的讀者及學者認為,Prufrock從頭到尾根本沒有去過派對,一切都是紙上談兵。由於他的自卑及多慮的心理,他沒有勇氣去面對一切,好比那已上了麻醉藥的病人。也有人認為這詩中的“你我”是Prufrock理智和感情的雙方。最後一幕聽到的人聲喚醒了他的理智,那感性的Prufrock就幻滅了。

 

 

參考資料

Eliot, T. S. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T. S. Eliot.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/44212/the-love-song-of-j-alfred-prufrock.

Kramer, Kenneth Paul. Redeeming Time: T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets. Cowley Publ., 2007.

Strandberg, Victor. “The Works of T. S. Eliot.” Duke University, online.duke.edu/.

 

 


[1] Eliot, T. S, The Sacred Wood and Major Early Essays, p27-p33.

Tags: 趙蘭潤,Amy,荒園